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The Military Intelligence Directorate ((アラビア語:شعبة المخابرات العسكرية), ''Shu'bat al-Mukhabarat al-'Askariyya'') is the military intelligence service of Syria.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/syria/intro.htm )〕 Although its roots go back to the French mandate period (1923–1943), its current organization was established in 1969.〔(Conflict Studies Journal at the University of New Brunswick ). Lib.unb.ca. Retrieved on 19 October 2010.〕 Its predecessor organisation was called the ''Deuxième Bureau''.〔〔 It is headquartered at the Defense Ministry headquarters in Damascus. The military intelligence service, or the ''Mukhabarat'' in Arabic, is very influential in Syrian politics and is controlled by the President.〔Robert G. Rabil (Syria, the United States, and the war on terror in the Middle East ), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-275-99015-X p.214〕〔(TFJD990-01-210480.tex ). (PDF). Retrieved 19 October 2010.〕 It is suspected of providing support to different radical groups.〔(Syria, Intelligence and Security ). Espionageinfo.com. Retrieved 19 October 2010.〕 Additionally, the service monitors dissidents of the government outside Syria.〔Paul Todd, Jonathan Bloch (Global intelligence: the world's secret services today ), Zed Books, 2003 ISBN 1-84277-113-2 p. 167〕 During the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, the Mukhabarat exercised political authority in Lebanon. Late Assef Shawqat, the brother-in-law of Bashar Al-Assad, became director in 2005 replacing General Hassan Khalil.〔(Print - ESISC : European Strategic Intelligence & Security Center ). ESISC (22 October 2005). Retrieved 19 October 2010.〕 From 2009 to 2012, the military intelligence service was headed by Abdel-Fatah Qudsiyeh, who like Syrian President Assad is a member of the Alawite community. == Heads of Military Intelligence == *Ali Zaza (1965-1970) *Hikmat al-Shihabi (1970–1973) *Ali Duba (1973–2000) : *Deputy director: Hassan Khalil (1993–2000) *Hassan Khalil (2000–2005)〔 : *Deputy director: Assef Shawkat (2000–2005)〔 *Assef Shawkat (2005–2009)〔 : *Deputy director: Saeed Sammour (2005–2009) *Abdel-Fatah Qudsiyeh (2009–July 2012)〔 * *Head of Internal Affairs (branch 293): Rafiq Shahadah (2011), the European Union sanctioned him for "being directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Damascus during the Syrian uprising". Advisor to President Bashar Al-Assad for strategic questions and military intelligence.〔 *Rafiq Shahadah (July 2012–present) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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